Cement-furnace.



PATBNTED MAR. 29, 1904.

J. SHENEMAN.

CEMENT FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NO MODEL.

nnq. WASHINGTON u c PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.- I J. SHENBMAN. v CEMENTFURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Jaca'giz Sezzeman, 1906,10.

1T0 MODEL.

Wifgesscs Pubro-umu, msnmcvom D. c.

No. 755,947. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

J. SHBNHMAN.

CEMENT FURNACE.

. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 6. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H0 MODEL.

Wiigzsses No. 755,947. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

J. SHENEMAN.

CEMENT FURNACE.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 5, 1904. H0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHBET 4.

- 9 Jae/won ksfieizmzaizgw J r @Y I I aAfiorqeys n1: mums PETER$ co.PNOYO-LITHO. wnsuincrow. n. c.

- utilize both the waste heat from the kiln and specification.

der to prevent the reduction of temperature of ment of parts hereinafterdescribed, illusiNd. 75594).

UNITED STATES Fatehtd March 1904.

JACKSON SHENEMAN, OF BRONSON, MICHIGAN.

CEMENT-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No 755,947, dated March 29,1904.

. Application filed n ry 5, 1904.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, J ACKSON SHENEMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bronson, in the county of Branch and State of Michigan, haveinvented a new and useful CementFurnace, of which the following is aThis invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the manufactureof cement, and particularly to devices employed for calcining marl,clay, and the various argillaceous limestones used in the manufacture ofPortland cement.

The principal object of the invention is to utilize the waste heat fromthe kiln for the purpose of effecting preliminary drying of the marl,slurry, clay, or coal or any other material used during the process ofmanufacture.

A further object of the invention is to utilize the surplus heat fromtheoutside of a rotary kiln in such manner as to dry the cementformingmaterials in advance of their entrance to the kiln and, further, toutilize the heat in some cases for the drying of the fuel employed.

A still further object of the invention is to utilize the heated airunder pressure as a means for injecting powdered fuel into the kiln.

A still further object of the invention is to the waste heat and gasesfrom the clinker or dried material discharged from the kiln in thedrying of the marl and other cement-forming materials.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a kiln structurein whichthe heat from the fuel will be fully utilized and the burningout of the walls of the kiln prevented.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an economicalmeansfor utilizing the waste heat from a battery of kilns and to providefor the control of the air-currents, so that the air from unused kilnsmay be cut off in orthe heated air from kilns in operation.

With these and other objects in view, as will hereinafter more fullyappear, the invention consists in the novel construction andarrangetated in the accompanying drawings, and par- Serial No. 187,821.(No model.)

ticularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood thatvarious changes in the form, proportions, size, and minor details of thestructure may be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificingany of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation, partly insection, of a cementfurnace constructed in accordance with theinvention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 aretransverse sectional elevations of the furnace on the lines 3 3, 4 4,and 5 5, respectively, of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 2,illustrating a slight modification of the invention. Fig. 7 is atransverse sectional elevation of the same on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6.Fig. 8 is a plan view, partly in the nature of a diagram, showing abattery of furnaces arranged and connected in accordance with theinvention. Fig. 9 is a plan view, drawn to an enlarged scale, of aportion of one of the screw conveyers, showing the conveyer-cleaner.Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional elevation of the same on the line 1010of Fig. 9.

Similar numerals of reference are employed to indicate correspondingparts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

The kiln proper consists of a metallic cylinder 1, open at both ends andhaving an inner lining of fire-brick or similar material. The cylinderis supported at a slight angle to the horizontal by means of smallrollers 2, mounted in pairs on swinging brackets 3, that are pivotallymounted on transverse bars/l, carried by the foundation or bed of theapparatus, the brackets and rollers being practically self-adjusting, soas to form supports which will permit the cylinder to readily revolvewithout undue friction. The rear end of the cylinder communicates with aflue or stack 6 for the escape of the products of combustion, and thefront end of the said cylinder is partly inclosed by awall7, forming achamber 8, into which the clinker or calcined material is discharged andis thence directed by an inclined partition 9 to a suitable pitlO, fromwhence it may be conducted by endless conveyers to a grinding apparatusof any suitable construction. Above the pit is a slidable cut-off 11,which may be moved to close the entrace to the pit when necessary.

The cylindrical kiln is revolved by any suit able mechanism-as, forinstance, bya pinion 12, driven by suitable gearing connections 13 andinternieshing with an annular rack 14 encircling the cylinder.

Extending from the upper portion of the cylindrical kiln is a jacket 15,which for the most part is semicircular in form, so that it covers onlythe upper portion of the cylinder, and from the point :2 about midway ofthe length of the cylinder to the rear end thereof the jacket isprovided with inturned flanges 16, which extend to the periphery of thecylinder in order to prevent the entrance of air between the jacket andthe cylinder. That portion of the jacket at the front end of thecylinder is in part formed by the Wall 7 and the side walls 17, whichare extended down to the base-line of the structure and extendrearwardly to the rear wall of the clinker-pit. The side walls thenextend up at an angle to the vertical and connect with the lower wallsof the substantially semicircular portion of the jacket at about thepoint 3 The side walls 17 are provided with suitable doors 18, which maybe opened to a greater or less extent to permit the entrance of air tothe jacket or may be opened wide in order to permit cleaning or to gainaccess to the clinker-pit when necessary. From the point 00 to the pointy the lower edges of the jacket are spaced from the revoluble kiln inorder to permit the free entrance of air to said jacket, and, as beforedescribed, from the point 00 to the rear end of the cylinder the jacketis provided with the inclosing flanges 16.

The jacket is preferably formed of sheet metal and in the formillustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 comprises a pair of spaced plates 19,between which is inserted asbestos, mineral wool, or similar material,or a single sheet of metal may be used, as indicated at 19 in Fig. 7,and this single sheet can be covered with similar material, if desired.

At the rear end of the jacket are arranged one or more escape-fines 21,by which the jacket may be placed in communication with the escape-flue6, and the flues 21 are provided with dampers 22, by means of which thepassage of the heated air from the jacket to the main flue or stack maybe controlled.

From the rear end of the jacket leads a tube or tubes 23 to a fan 2 1,by means of which the hot air is drawn from the jacket and forcedthrough a pipe 25 to any desired point. A portion or all of this air isconducted by a branch pipe 26 to an injector 27 through which powderedor other fuel is forced into the front end of the revoluble kiln, andthis fuel is preferably in the form of powdered coal which, combinedwith the air, will produce the intense heat necessary in the calciningoperation the products of combustion after passing through the kilnescaping to the main' flue or stack 6, In some cases, especially where abattery of kilns is employed, it will be necessary to use only a singlefan for operating all of the kilns, such a construction be ing shown inFig. 8, and inasmuch as each of the tubes 23 leading from the kiln isprovided with a damper 29 the air from the jackets of unused kilns maybe cut ofl in order to prevent the fan from drawing cold airtherethrough. In all cases the blast-pipe leading from the kiln may beled, as by a pipe 30, to drying devices for preliminary treatment ofcoal, clay, or other material with a view of fully economizing thequantity of fuel.

The marl and other cement-forming material to be dried and calcined isdeposited in a hopper 31, from which leads a conveyertrough 32,extending over or forming a part of the top of the jacket, preferablyfor the full length thereof, and at the front end of the trough isconnected 9. second or return trough 33, which leads also over or formspart of the top of the jacket and is connected to a spout 3 1, leadingto the rear end of the kiln and through which the contents of the troughare discharged into said cylinder. 1n the first trough 32 is a screwconveyer 35,that is preferably formed of a number of sections in orderto permit the introduction of bearings 36 at convenient intervals, andin the trough 33 is a conveyer 37,which may be of similar construction.It will be noted that the two troughs are arranged on lines thatconverge at a point adjacent to the front end of the kiln, and, as shownin Fig. 5, the trough 32 is disposed in a horizontal plane slightlyabove the returning trough 33,.so that material conveyed to the frontend of trough 32 will move under the influence of gravity to thereturn-trough 33 and will then be caught by the conveyer 37 and returnedto the discharge-spout 34. It will be observed that the troughs arearranged at different angles with respect to the curved surface of thejacket, so that both troughs will be subjected to the action of the heatfor their entire length, while the gravitational discharge from theupper to the lower trough will be due to the fact that the troughnearest the vertical plane of the axis of the rotary kiln will be in ahorizontal plane above that of the trough farthest from such verticalaxis. During all the time the marl and slurry or other cement formingmaterial is in the trough it will be subjected to the action of the heatradiating from the kiln and directed by the jacket into contacttherewith and as the temperature will be so high that the wet materialwill be dried in advance of its entrance to the kiln, so that less heatwill be required in the kiln to effect the calcining operation, whilethe escape by radiation of waste heat is prevented by the jacket 15.

The slurry or other material introduced into the troughs is moist andwill cling to the helical conveyer to such an extent as to clog thetrough unless the conveyer is cleaned at intervals, and for this purposethere is employed an automatic cleaning device 40, one of which is usedfor each section of the conveyer. At one side of and preferablysupported by the trough 32 are brackets 41, serving as supports for arod 42, that extends parallel with the trough. On this rod are mounted anumber of levers 43, having forked end portions 44, that are shaped toconform to a portion of the helix, and the ends of the forks extendunder a flange formed by securing an angle-iron 45 to the inner wall ofthe trough, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The outer end of each lever 43is provided with a weight 46,

which when the fork arrives at the end of the flange 45 willautomatically raise the forks from engagement with the helix and aworkman may then slide the lever back to initial position by hand inreadiness for a subsequent cleaning operation. When once placed over aportion of the helix and the forked end inserted under the flange 45,the fork will be traveled to the opposite end of the helix with which itis engaged by the revoluble movement of said helix and at the same timewill remove all of the slurry which may cling thereto. The heat mayfurther be utilized in heating and drying the fuel preliminary to itsintroduction to the kiln, and this drying operation may occur at anytime before the fuel is powdered.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is illustrated a fuel-drier in which two troughs 50 and51 are arranged side by side, but disposed on convergent lines in muchthe same manner as the troughs 32 and 33. The fuel to be dried is placedin a hopper 52 and introduced to the first trough 50, being conveyed tothe end of the latter by a helix 53. From the end of the trough 50 thefuel passes to the second trough 51 and is moved along said trough by ahelix 54 and discharged to a pulverizing device of any desiredcharacter.

It will be observed that between the slurryhopper 31 and the beginningof the open conveyer-trough 32 the slurry passes through a tube 60, thatleads directly through the main flue or stack, so that at this point theslurry is subjected to the intense heat of the prodnets of combustionpassing from the kiln proper, and thus receives an initial temperature,which results in the more rapid and ef-.

fective drying of the material, and it will be further observed that thedischarge-spout 34 also leads through the main flue to the rear end ofthe trough and is again subjected to intense heat in advance of itsentrance to the kiln, so that there Will be no tendency to lower stack,so that the air issuing from the jacket will be heated to hightemperature before itreaches the blast-fan.

In the operation of the device a fire is first built in the front end ofthe kiln, and after a short time the hot air from the jacket will passthrough the tube 23 to the fan 24 and be forcedunder pressure to theinjector 27, at which point the comminuted fuel will be forced into thefront end of the kiln and raise the temperature to the required point.The slurry or other material is then fed to the hopper 31 and passingthrough tube receives an initial high temperature before it reaches thetrough 32. While passing along the trough 32 the slurry is heated byradiation, and as the top of the trough is open the moisture will bedriven off and the slurry will arrive at the end of the trough 32 in acomparatively dry condition and will thence travel by gravity to theentrance end of the trough 33. The comparatively dry material is nowforced along the trough 32 and again subjected to the action of heatradiating from the kiln and jacket and is finally heated by passingthrough the discharge-trough to the kiln. The calcined material fallsinto the chamber 8 at the front end of the kiln and is directed to theclinkerpit 10. Inasmuch as the clinker-pit is directly under and incommunication with the airjacket, the heat arising from the clinkerswill be directed into the latter and will mingle with the air enteringsaid jacket, so that all of the heat will be fully utilized and-at thecut off the blast-fan 24 is operated to draw a 1. The combination withan internally-heated revoluble kiln, of drying-troughs arranged abovethe kiln, and separated therefrom by an air-space, said troughs beingheated by radiation from the kiln, and means for conveying the materialto be dried lengthwise of said troughs.

. 2. The combination with an internally-heated revoluble kiln, of a pairof conveyingtroughs arranged above the kiln, and separated therefrom byan air-space, said troughs being subjected to the action of the-heatradiating from the kiln, said troughs forming a continuous passage inthe direction of the discharge end of said kiln and thence back again tothe entrance end thereof.

3. The combination with a revoluble kiln, of a pair of convying-troughsarranged above the kiln and subjected to the action of heat radiatingtherefrom, a connected portion of one of the troughs passing through themain escape-flue of the kiln.

4:. The combination with a revolublc kiln having an escape-flue, of aconveying device arranged above the kiln and subjected to the action ofheat radiating therefrom, the entrance end of said conveying deviceextending through the escape-flue.

5. The combination with a kiln having an escape-flue, of a drying devicedisposed above and heated by radiation from the kiln, the preliminaryportion of the drying device extending through the flue and beingsubjected to the action of the products of combustion passing throughsaid line.

6. The combination with a revoluble kiln,

of a curved casing, a pair of drying-troughs arranged on convergentlines above the kiln and forming a part of the casing, said troughsbeing disposed respectively at diflerent angles on the curved surface ofthe casing and disposed in convergent lines, the troughs being sodisposed that both shall be subjected to the action of heat for theirentire length, and arranged at their communicating ends indiiferenthorizontal planes, and conveyors disposed in said troughs.

'7. The combination with a kiln, of a pair of troughs, a feed hopper atthe end of one trough, and a discharge-spout at the end of the oppositetrough, the connections between the hopper and trough and between thespout and trough extending through the main flue or stack of the kiln.

8. The combination with a kiln, of a jacket forming a cover for theupper portion of said kiln, and a drying-trough forming a part of thejacket.

9. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a substantially semicircularjacket forming a cover for the upper portion of the kiln, said jacketbeing opened at one end for the admission of air, and a drying-troughforming a part of the jacket.

10. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a jacket opened near one endfor the admission of air, a drying-trough forming a part of the jacket,and an escape-flue leading from said jacket through the main flue of thekiln.

11. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a jacket covering the upperportion of the kiln and having rearwardly-extending flanges at its loweredges to form an incloscd air-space, and a drying-trough forming a partof the jacket.

12. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit, a jacketpartly encircling the kiln and in communication with the clinker-pit,said jacket being provided with air entrance and discharge openings, anda drying-trough forming a part of the jacket.

13. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit, a jacketpartly surrounding the kiln and in communication with one end of theclinker-pit, a drying-trough forming a part of the jacket, anair-discharge flue leading from the opposite end of the jacket, andinwardextending flanges arranged at the lower edges of the jacket for aportion only of the length of the latter.

14. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit, a jacketextending around the front end of the kiln and in communication withsaid pit, and a drying-trough forming a part of the jacket.

15. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit, a movable gateor closure for cutting off communication between the kiln and pit, ajacket extending partly around the kiln and communicating with theclinker-pit, and a fan for causing the flow of a current of air to saidjacket.

16. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit. a gate orclosure for shutting off communication between the kiln and pit, ajacket partly surrounding the kiln and having side doors for access tothe pit, and a fan for causing the flow of a current of air through thejacket.

17. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a clinker-pit, a gate orclosure for shutting off communication between the kiln and pit, ajacket part] y surrounding the kiln, said jacket having air-entranceopenings to the rear of the clinker-pit, and a fan for causing the flowof a current of air through the jacket.

18. The combination with a kiln,of a clinkerpit, a jacket partlysurrounding the kiln and in communication with said clinker-pit, and adrying-trough forming a part of the jacket.

19. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a substantially semicircularjacket formed of a pair of spaced plates, a drying-trough forming a partof the jacket, and a lining of nonconducting material, said jackethaving air entrance and escape openings.

20. The combination with a kiln, of a casing arranged around the upperportion of the kiln and forming an airjacket,and adrying-trough forminga part of the casing.

21. The combination with a rotary kiln, of a casing covering the upperportion of the kiln, a drying-trough forming a part of said casing, anda trough feeder extending through the main flue or stack of the kiln.

22. The combination with a kiln, of an-injcctor for the feeding offinely-divided fuel, a jacket partly surrounding the ki In, adischargetube leading from the jacket to the injector, and a fanconnected in the tube and serving to force the air under pressure tosaid injector.

23. The combination with a kiln, of an injector for forcingfinely-divided fuel into the kiln, and a jacket partly surrounding thekiln, a discharge tube leading from the jacket through the main flue 0fthe kiln, a fan connected to the tube, and a second tube leading fromthe discharge side of the fan to the injector.

2 The combination With a kiln, of an air- 7 jacket partly surroundingthe kiln, an escapeflues, a fan connected to the tube, a fuel injectorat the front end of each kiln, and a tube leading from the fan andconnected to each of said fuel-injectors.

26. The combination with a plurality of kilns, of fuel-injectorsarranged one at the front end of each kiln, a jacket partly surroundingeach of the kilns, a valved escape-pipe leading from each of thejackets, a tube to which all of the pipes are connected, a fan connectedto said pipe, and a tube leading from said fan to all of thefuel-injectors.

In-testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of tWo Witnesses.

JACKSON SHENEMAN.

Witnesses:

J. H. JooHuM, J12, J. Ross QoLHoUN.

